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    Therefore token-perception underdetermines the normative ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→We know about a particular word and its properties by perceiving its tokens

    Therefore token-perception underdetermines the normative identity of the type, requiring non-perceptual rule-following knowledge à la Wittgenstein.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Perceptual access to tokens is finite and context-bound, yet type-identity requires stable normativity across infinite possible instances.
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    • 2.Two perceptually identical tokens can have different normative identities depending on tacit rule-following conventions governing their use.
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    • 3.Wittgenstein's private language argument shows that ostensive definition alone cannot ground meaning without embedded rule-following practices.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Rule-following knowledge itself requires justification; invoking Wittgenstein's practices merely relocates the grounding problem without solving it.
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    • 2.Perceptual abilities may be more informationally rich than the claim acknowledges—statistical patterns across tokens can implicitly encode type norms.
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    • 3.The argument conflates epistemic underdetermination with metaphysical underdetermination; perception may underdetermine *knowledge* without underdetermining identity.
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    Key Terms

    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

    Connections

    2 topics

    Perception1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

    Related

    Perceptual abilities may be more informationally rich than the claim acknowledge...Perceptual access to tokens is finite and context-bound, yet type-identity requi...Rule-following knowledge itself requires justification; invoking Wittgenstein's ...The argument conflates epistemic underdetermination with metaphysical underdeter...
    +3 moreShow less
    Two perceptually identical tokens can have different normative identities depend...We know about a particular word and its properties by perceiving its tokens

    Details

    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit
    Wittgenstein's private language argument shows that ostensive definition alone c...