Therefore universal contravalidity, assessed only across actual substitution instances, conflates logical falsity with contingent falsity in a way Bolzano's framework cannot resolve.

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Bernard Bolzano(the philosopher whose framework is being discussed): A 19th-century philosopher and mathematician who developed important theories about what makes mathematical and logical truths true.
Bolzano's framework(as used in history of philosophy and formal logic): The logical and philosophical system developed by Bernard Bolzano, a 19th-century philosopher who worked on ideas about truth, logic, and how statements relate to reality.
Contingent falsity(as used in metaphysics and logic): A statement that happens to be false about the actual world, but could have been true under different circumstances (like 'it is raining right now').
Contravalidity(as used in logic and philosophy of language): A property where a statement fails to be true; essentially, it's invalid or doesn't hold up logically.

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