This principle of equal counting entails that a billion lives at barely-positive utility mathematically dominate a million lives at high utility when the aggregate difference is positive.

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Barely-positive utility(as used in ethics): Happiness or well-being that is just slightly above zero—so people are alive and not suffering much, but they're not very happy either.
Equal counting principle(as used in ethics): The idea that each person's happiness matters the same amount, regardless of who they are. In other words, one person's well-being is counted equally with anyone else's.
Mathematically dominate(as used in decision-making and ethics): To be clearly better according to the numbers. If one option produces a bigger total number than another, it 'dominates' that option mathematically.
aggregate(Avicenna's argument for a necessary existent): The totality of all currently existing contingent individual things, each of whose existence is accounted for by its causal antecedents.

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