- Cross-cultural data(describing Shweder's research method)
- Information collected from people in many different cultures to compare how their beliefs and behaviors vary across societies.
- Domain theory(as Turiel's main framework)
- A theory suggesting that human thinking about rules falls into separate categories or 'domains'—like morality in one domain and social conventions in another—rather than being one mixed-up set of rules.
- Haidt(philosopher/researcher cited)
- Jonathan Haidt is a psychologist famous for researching how emotions and intuitions—not just logic—drive our moral judgments across different cultures.
- Moral/conventional distinction(as the main concept being tested across cultures)
- The idea that there are two different types of rules: moral rules (based on harm and fairness, like 'don't hurt people') and conventional rules (based on social customs, like 'don't eat with your hands').
- Turiel(as the originator of domain theory)
- Elliot Turiel is a psychologist who studied how children and people think about right and wrong, and argued that humans naturally separate moral rules (like 'don't hurt people') from social convention rules (like 'don't wear pajamas to school').
- WEIRD populations(as the contrast to the non-WEIRD populations mentioned)
- People from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic societies (mainly North America and Europe)—the opposite of the diverse cultures Haidt studied.
- universal(Argument for the generality of Turing machines)
- A computing system capable of simulating any other computing system of the same or lesser power; used here to describe Turing machines as the most general model of computation.