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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that Udayana's Nyāyakusumāñjali explicitly addresses distributed causation by arguing that unity of design-plan is a necessary condition for coherent causal integration of parts into wholes.

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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Design-plan begs the question: explaining part-integration by invoking pre-existing unified intention merely defers the problem.
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    • 2.Emergent properties and feedback loops can generate coherent wholes without antecedent design; complexity self-organizes.
      ?

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    • 3.Positing design-plan as necessary condition overextends metaphysical commitments beyond what distributed causation already explains.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Complex wholes exhibit functional coordination that random part-interactions cannot explain without unifying rational principle.
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    • 2.Design-plan provides necessary teleological framework explaining why parts integrate toward specific outcomes, not alternatives.
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    • 3.Distributed causation alone generates equivocation—unity of plan resolves which causes matter and how they hierarchically relate.
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