Under Lakatos's framework, quantum gravity represents a progressive problem-shift where the positive heuristics of two hard-core programmes generate a new degenerating anomaly requiring resolution.
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A set of rules or guidelines that tell you what TO do or explore to fix problems with a theory—basically, suggestions for how to improve or adjust your ideas.
Problem-shift(describing how quantum gravity represents a change in focus within Lakatos's theory)
A change in what scientific problem researchers are trying to solve, often because a theory encounters difficulties that push scientists to focus on new questions.
Progressive problem-shift(contrasted with degenerating shifts that fail to advance knowledge)
A shift to new problems that moves science forward by explaining more things or making better predictions, rather than just backing up when difficulties arise.
Quantum gravity(as the subject being interpreted)
A theoretical framework that tries to combine two major physics theories—Einstein's general relativity (which explains gravity) and quantum mechanics (which explains tiny particles)—into one unified system.
framework(Carnap's philosophy of language and logic)
A structured system of rules or language that must be in place for rational discourse to be possible.