- Bishop(history of mathematics)
- Errett Bishop was an American mathematician who developed constructive analysis, a stricter version of math that only accepts proofs you can actually build or compute.
- Brouwer
- Brouwer was a Dutch mathematician and philosopher (1881-1966) who fundamentally changed how mathematicians think about proof and logic. He argued that math shouldn't just accept something as true because it follows logically; instead, mathematicians should be able to actually construct or demonstrate mathematical objects to prove they exist. His ideas challenged the traditional approach to mathematics and influenced debates about the foundations of mathematical reasoning that continue today.
- Constructively exhibit(constructivist philosophy)
- To actually show or demonstrate something in a concrete way, rather than just proving it must exist somewhere.
- Epistemically inert(epistemology (theory of knowledge))
- Unable to tell you anything useful or give you actual knowledge—it just sits there without helping you understand or know anything.
- constructivism(Philosophy of medicine)
- The view that diseases or disorders are classified as pathological due to social values rather than purely scientific or natural evidence
- disjunction(as used in formal logic)
- A logical 'or' statement; 'a or b' (written a∨b) is true when at least one of the two parts is true.
- epistemology(Contrasted with purely descriptive scientific inquiry)
- A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
- proof(Frege's formal system; the definition still used by logicians today)
- Any finite sequence of statements such that each statement is either an axiom of the formal system or follows from previous members of the sequence by a valid rule of inference.