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It is not the case that Universality in the morally relevant sense is agent-relative and domain-restricted, not an unrestricted quantification over all actual cases.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Agent-relativity and domain-restriction risk collapsing morality into mere preference or convention, undermining objectivity.
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2.
If universality is restricted, it's unclear what makes a principle 'universal' rather than merely consistent-within-domains.
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3.
Arbitrary domain boundaries (nationality, kinship) lack independent moral justification absent appeal to impartial principles.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral principles must be applied from an agent's position; impartial rules divorced from perspective become vacuous or paralyzing.
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2.
Domain restrictions (e.g., duties to compatriots) reflect genuine moral distinctions grounded in relationships and special obligations.
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3.
Unrestricted quantification over all cases produces counterintuitive results, like perfect stranger duties equal to duties to family.
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