Utilitarian welfare calculus requires empirical measurement, and hedonic adaptation research (Kahneman, Diener) shows disabled individuals report welfare levels comparable to non-disabled peers.

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Empirical measurement(as the requirement for proving welfare claims scientifically): Gathering real-world data through observation and testing, rather than just thinking about something in theory.
Hedonic adaptation(as the research being cited about disabled and non-disabled people's happiness): The tendency for people to return to roughly the same level of happiness even after major life changes—whether positive or negative—because we get used to our circumstances.
Kahneman, Diener(as cited sources for hedonic adaptation research): Two renowned psychologists (Daniel Kahneman and Ed Diener) who conducted influential scientific research on how people experience happiness and well-being.
Utilitarianism(One of Sidgwick's three methods of ethics): The view that an individual self-evidently ought to aim at the maximum balance of happiness for all sentient beings present and future, whatever the cost to herself; also called Universalistic Hedonism

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