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Inverse View
It is not the case that Utility functions systematically fail to capture adaptive preferences, where oppressed individuals adjust desires to constrained circumstances.
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Reasons For
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1.
All preferences form under constraints. Without a pre-constraint baseline, 'adaptive' is unfalsifiable—distinguishing it from ordinary preference formation becomes impossible.
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2.
If revealed preferences don't measure genuine desires, we lose grounds to criticize oppression for reducing utility. The critique becomes metaphysical, not empirical.
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3.
People within identical constraints show vast preference diversity, suggesting individual factors, not systematic adaptation, explain preference variation.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Oppressed groups demonstrate preference reversals when constraints change (e.g., education access), suggesting prior preferences were adaptive, not genuine.
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2.
Utility functions measure stated choices, not underlying well-being. An enslaved person maximizing available options doesn't reveal true preferences.
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3.
Neuroscience shows chronic constraint activates habituation mechanisms that dampen desire itself, making utility functions confuse coping with satisfaction.
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