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Inverse View
It is not the case that Voluntary exchange between consenting parties is presumptively just when it improves the position of both parties relative to their alternatives.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Consent under severe constraints (desperation, ignorance, unequal power) may be formally voluntary but substantively unfree.
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2.
Baseline alternatives themselves may be unjust—improving from injustice doesn't create presumptive justice in the exchange.
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3.
Transactions generating Pareto improvements can still create negative externalities or third-party harms the principle ignores.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Respecting autonomous choices of informed parties is a core moral requirement regardless of external outcomes.
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2.
Pareto improvements (benefiting all parties) satisfy a minimal fairness standard without requiring redistribution.
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3.
Voluntary exchange creates mutual accountability and reciprocal benefit, distinguishing it from coercion or exploitation.
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