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    W.V.O. Quine's holism demonstrates that no judgment is im... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Strict universality indicates a special source of cognition — a faculty of a priori cognition — distinct from empirical sources.

    W.V.O. Quine's holism demonstrates that no judgment is immune to revision in light of experience, dissolving the analytic/synthetic and a priori/a posteriori distinctions Kant relies upon.

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    Key Terms

    A priori/a posteriori(another philosophical distinction that Quine challenges)
    A priori means knowledge you can have just by thinking, without needing to experience the world (like math); a posteriori means knowledge that requires actual experience or observation.
    Holism(Mid-twentieth-century individualism/holism debates)
    A position in the individualism/holism debates that treats social entities as irreducible to individualistic entities, without denying the existence of the non-social
    Immune to revision(describing whether beliefs can be questioned)
    Protected from being changed or proven wrong, even when faced with new evidence or arguments.
    Kant(as used in epistemology and metaphysics)
    Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) was an influential German philosopher who argued that our minds shape how we experience reality, and that we can only truly know things as they appear to us, not as they are in themselves.

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    W.V.O. Quine(as the main philosopher discussed in this statement)
    An American philosopher (1908-2000) who challenged the idea that some beliefs are completely protected from being proven wrong by experience.
    analytic/synthetic distinction(Vienna Circle logical empiricism)
    A central component of the Vienna Circle's philosophical framework, distinguishing between statements true by virtue of meaning (analytic) and statements true by virtue of empirical fact (synthetic)

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    Strict universality indicates a special source of cognition — a faculty of a pri...

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