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It is not the case that We should use only contextually and internally given criteria of rationality when assessing the belief systems of other cultures and societies.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
The claim that rationality standards vary across cultures is itself advanced as a cross-culturally valid rational insight, undermining its own relativist conclusion.
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2.
Any coherent methodology for identifying distinct 'belief systems' presupposes shared logical criteria such as non-contradiction, which cannot themselves be culturally local.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Donald Davidson's principle of charity demonstrates that radical interpretation of alien belief systems requires attributing largely true and logically consistent beliefs, implying a universal rational baseline.
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2.
If internal criteria alone govern assessment, we lose the conceptual resources to distinguish genuine belief revision from mere social conformity within a culture.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Standards of rationality in different societies do not always coincide.
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2.
What counts as rational is decided by a backdrop of norms governing a given language and form of life.
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3.
It does not make sense to speak of a universal standard of rationality.
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