When a thought experiment's conclusion depends on idealizations that are physically unrealizable, it cannot be reconstructed as an argument from genuinely empiricalpremises without distorting its epistemic structure.
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idealization(Pragmatist response to the quantum mechanics / molecular shape paradox)
A pragmatic simplification — such as treating an open system as closed — that is useful for practical purposes but does not accurately represent physical reality.
thought experiment(The sage's rhetorical device comprising two hypothetical situations about the ruler of India.)
A hypothetical scenario constructed to test what would count as sufficient grounds for a conclusion, here used by the sage to probe the epistemic standards for belief in God.