When biomedical inquiry classifies a condition as disease, it implicitly borrows normative premises that empirical investigation cannot itself validate, making the appeal to 'pure science' circular.

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Biomedical inquiry(as the type of scientific investigation being discussed): Scientific research focused on understanding diseases, how bodies work, and medical treatments through careful study and experimentation.
Circular reasoning(the trap that occurs when trying to define counterfactuals): A logical mistake where you use the very thing you're trying to prove as part of your argument, like saying 'I'm trustworthy because I said I am'—this goes in circles and doesn't actually explain anything.
Empirical investigation(the actual study of facts that Hegel supposedly made his claim before doing): The process of gathering real-world evidence and data through observation or experiments to test whether something is actually true.
Normative premises(what science borrows without realizing it): Underlying assumptions about how things *should* be or what *ought* to happen, rather than just describing how things actually are.
Pure science(the claim being questioned as circular): Scientific research aimed only at understanding how the world works, without bringing in personal values or judgments about what's 'good' or 'bad.'
validate(what conventionalism would be forced to do): To officially accept or confirm something as correct, legitimate, or true.

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