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    When immunity to error is constitutive rather than deriva... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The body senses do not satisfy Shoemaker's perceptual model because they give access only to a single object

    When immunity to error is constitutive rather than derivative, the epistemic structure differs fundamentally from standard perception of external objects.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.First-person mental states are partly constituted by how they represent themselves, making misrepresentation logically impossible for some content.
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    • 2.External object perception requires causal chains vulnerable to systematic error; introspective content has no comparable gap between appearance and reality.
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    • 3.If immunity to error is built into the meaning of a mental state rather than added afterward, that state occupies a unique epistemic category.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.The constitutive/derivative distinction is unclear: all knowledge involves some error-checking process, making the boundary conceptually unstable.
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    • 2.We demonstrably make errors about our own mental states (misidentifying emotions, self-deception); this shows introspection lacks genuine immunity to error.
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    • 3.If constitutive immunity differs fundamentally from perception, we should expect separate cognitive faculties—yet introspection and perception deeply interact.
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    Related

    External object perception requires causal chains vulnerable to systematic error...First-person mental states are partly constituted by how they represent themselv...If constitutive immunity differs fundamentally from perception, we should expect...If immunity to error is built into the meaning of a mental state rather than add...
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    The body senses do not satisfy Shoemaker's perceptual model because they give ac...The constitutive/derivative distinction is unclear: all knowledge involves some ...We demonstrably make errors about our own mental states (misidentifying emotions...

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