William Dembski's specified complexity argument holds that any origin of functionally complex information—whether at t=0 or later—requires explanation beyond physical law and chance.

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Functionally complex information(what requires explanation in the argument): Data or instructions that are intricate, detailed, and actually work to accomplish something—like the genetic code that builds a living organism.
Specified complexity(the central concept of Dembski's argument): The idea that something is both very unlikely to happen by chance AND serves a specific, recognizable function—like how the instructions in DNA are incredibly precise and actually do something useful.
William Dembski(the author of the argument being discussed): A mathematician and philosopher who argues that complex, functional systems (like those found in living things) cannot be explained by evolution and random processes alone, but require intelligent design.
chance(Presented as the exhaustive alternative to teleological causation in Aristotle's disjunction.): A causal category covering occurrences that are irregular, unpredictable, and lack a final cause.

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