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    Within-group selection against altruists operates continu... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→If between-group selection pressure is sufficiently strong, altruistic traits spread even when individual recipients are no more likely than average to be altruists themselves.

    Within-group selection against altruists operates continuously and faster than between-group selection, making equilibrium altruism rates predictable from individual incentives alone.

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    Key Terms

    Between-group selection(as used in evolutionary biology)
    Natural selection happening at the group level, where groups with certain traits outcompete other groups, causing those traits to spread across populations.
    Equilibrium (in this context)(as used in game theory and evolutionary dynamics)
    A stable state where altruism rates stop changing because the forces pushing them in different directions are balanced.
    Individual incentives(as used in economics and game theory)
    The personal rewards or punishments that encourage a person to behave a certain way, based on what benefits them directly.
    Within-group selection(as used in evolutionary biology)
    Natural selection happening inside a single group, where traits that help individuals survive and reproduce within that group become more common over time.

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    altruism(Evolutionary game theory)
    Any behaviour by an organism that decreases its own expected fitness in a single interaction but increases that of the other interactor

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