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    Without ampliation explicitly governing the universal pre... — Carmelics
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    Supports→Suppositional descent from universal statements to singular statements can yield false conclusions from true premises when proper names refer to non-men or deceased individuals

    Without ampliation explicitly governing the universal premise, a deceased individual's name lacks a current suppositum, rendering the descended singular statement without a truth-conferring referent.

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    Key Terms

    Singular statement(in logic)
    A sentence that makes a claim about one specific individual thing, rather than a group (like 'Socrates was wise' instead of 'philosophers are wise').
    Suppositum(Classical and Scholastic metaphysics, adopted by Leibniz)
    Something that can be a genuine subject of predication; a true unity rather than a mere phenomenon
    Truth-conferring referent(in philosophy of language)
    An actual thing that a word points to, which allows a statement about that word to be either true or false—without a real referent, a sentence can't really be true or false.
    Universal premise(in the logical argument that creates the paradox)
    A statement that applies to everything in a certain category without exception (like 'adding one grain never changes whether something is a heap').

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    ampliation(Medieval logic; applies to past-tense verbs, modal verbs, and certain other linguistic contexts)
    The extension of the subject of a proposition beyond presently existing supposita to include past, future, possible, or merely intelligible supposita

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