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    Without identifying the concrete causal mechanism—such as... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Functional explanations are legitimate explanations in which a cause is explained by reference to its effect

    Without identifying the concrete causal mechanism—such as natural selection or intentional reinforcement—citing an effect as explanatory is merely a promissory note, not an explanation.

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    Key Terms

    causal mechanism(as used in metaphysics and philosophy of causation)
    The process or chain of cause-and-effect by which one thing makes another thing happen.
    intentional reinforcement(as used in psychology and philosophy of mind)
    When someone deliberately rewards or encourages a behavior to make it happen more often in the future.
    natural selection(Endler's critique of Shanahan's continuum account)
    A process standardly requiring heritability as a necessary condition, distinguishable from random drift; when heritability is removed as a condition, natural selection trivially reduces to the observation that phenotypic differences exist
    promissory note(as used in philosophy of science and epistemology)
    A promise of payment later; in philosophy, it means a claim that sounds good but hasn't actually been backed up with real proof yet.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedCausation1 linked

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    Functional explanations are legitimate explanations in which a cause is explaine...

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