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    Without recourse to aggregation or impartial ranking, con... — Carmelics
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    Supports→When we cannot avoid placing a severe burden on at least one person, contractualism's ideal of choosing a scenario acceptable to each person from their personal point of view is not practical.

    Without recourse to aggregation or impartial ranking, contractualism lacks the theoretical resources to resolve tragic dilemmas where every option leaves some person with an undefeated reasonable complaint.

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    Key Terms

    Impartial ranking(as used in ethics)
    A fair way of ordering or prioritizing different outcomes without favoring any particular person, treating everyone's interests the same.
    Theoretical resources(as used in philosophy)
    The tools or concepts a theory has available to solve problems or answer questions.
    Tragic dilemmas(as used in ethics)
    Situations where no matter what choice you make, something bad happens and someone gets hurt—there's no solution that avoids harm entirely.
    Undefeated reasonable complaint(as used in ethics)
    A valid objection that someone has against a decision, where no good counterargument can show that their complaint isn't justified.
    aggregation(Used by utilitarians to justify saving the greater number; rejected by contractualism)

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    The moral practice of summing individual harms or deaths across persons to determine which outcome is worse overall
    contractualism
    A moral theory presented as a genuine alternative to both consequentialism and Kantian ethics, one that coheres with distinctively non-utilitarian intuitions in certain key cases

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    Social Contract1 linkedJustice & Punishment1 linked

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    When we cannot avoid placing a severe burden on at least one person, contractual...

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