b. 1948
Frances Kamm (born 1948) is an American moral philosopher and Lucius Littauer Professor at Harvard University's Kennedy School and Department of Philosophy. She is one of the leading figures in contemporary normative ethics, known for her painstakingly detailed analyses of the moral permissibility of killing, letting die, and harm.
Developed the Principle of Permissible Harm (PPH), a systematic refinement of the Doctrine of Double Effect
Authored the multi-volume 'Morality, Mortality' series, the most comprehensive analytic treatment of the ethics of killing and letting die
Made foundational contributions to trolley problem literature, introducing key structural distinctions between cases
Authored 'Intricate Ethics' (2007), systematizing her account of rights, duties, and permissible harm
Developed influential analyses of the doing/allowing distinction and the doctrine of triple effect