1889 – 1982
Louis Rougier (1889–1982) was a French philosopher of science associated with logical empiricism and conventionalism. Influenced by Henri Poincaré and connected to the Vienna Circle, he argued that the axioms of geometry and logic are conventional stipulations rather than empirical truths or a priori necessities. He also wrote extensively against Thomist metaphysics and Catholic scholasticism, and later turned to classical liberal political philosophy.
Developed a conventionalist philosophy of geometry, arguing metric geometry is neither empirically true nor logically necessary
Authored a systematic critique of Thomism and scholastic metaphysics in 'La scolastique et le thomisme' (1925)
Participated in the international network of logical empiricists connected to the Vienna Circle
Organized the 1938 Walter Lippmann Colloquium in Paris, a foundational event for neoliberal thought
Wrote 'La philosophie géométrique de Henri Poincaré' (1920), an early systematic study of Poincaré's philosophy of science