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    A modification introduced to preserve the same foundation... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Russell's logicism differs significantly from Frege's logicism

    A modification introduced to preserve the same foundational goals—deriving arithmetic from logic—counts as a continuation of a program, not a significant divergence from it.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Programs are defined by their constitutive aims, not their methods. Logicism's aim was deriving arithmetic from logic; modified approaches retain this.
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    • 2.Scientific and philosophical programs routinely survive methodological revisions while preserving core objectives—this is normal intellectual progress, not abandonment.
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    • 3.If every technical modification counted as program divergence, no research program could coherently develop or respond to problems without ceasing to exist.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Modifications that require abandoning key original doctrines (e.g., type theory replacing naive set theory) represent substantive rather than superficial changes.
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    • 2.The foundational goals of early logicism—reducing arithmetic to pure first-order logic—became impossible; pursuing alternatives suggests the original program failed fundamentally.
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    • 3.Calling continuity based solely on shared aims obscures how modifications can invert a program's theoretical content, making the label 'continuation' misleading.
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    Related

    Calling continuity based solely on shared aims obscures how modifications can in...If every technical modification counted as program divergence, no research progr...Modifications that require abandoning key original doctrines (e.g., type theory ...Programs are defined by their constitutive aims, not their methods. Logicism's a...
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    Russell's logicism differs significantly from Frege's logicismScientific and philosophical programs routinely survive methodological revisions...The foundational goals of early logicism—reducing arithmetic to pure first-order...

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