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    Carmelics

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    Home/Original/inverse
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    Inverse View

    It is not the case that A modification introduced to preserve the same foundational goals—deriving arithmetic from logic—counts as a continuation of a program, not a significant divergence from it.

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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Modifications that require abandoning key original doctrines (e.g., type theory replacing naive set theory) represent substantive rather than superficial changes.
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    • 2.The foundational goals of early logicism—reducing arithmetic to pure first-order logic—became impossible; pursuing alternatives suggests the original program failed fundamentally.
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    • 3.Calling continuity based solely on shared aims obscures how modifications can invert a program's theoretical content, making the label 'continuation' misleading.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Programs are defined by their constitutive aims, not their methods. Logicism's aim was deriving arithmetic from logic; modified approaches retain this.
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    • 2.Scientific and philosophical programs routinely survive methodological revisions while preserving core objectives—this is normal intellectual progress, not abandonment.
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    • 3.If every technical modification counted as program divergence, no research program could coherently develop or respond to problems without ceasing to exist.
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