No single one of these experiments can establish the claim that attention is always necessary for consciousness. That claim is a universally quantified one, and is not entailed by any one of its instances. Nor is it clear that what we see in these experiments really are instances in which unattended objects drop out of consciousness altogether. The participants’ ignorance of the gorilla’s appearance, for example, is compatible with it being the case that the presence of the gorilla does make a p