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    A theory that entails the existence of derivative entitie... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→A theory that entails that Ks exist does not thereby incur ontological commitment to Ks if Ks are not fundamental entities.

    A theory that entails the existence of derivative entities—like mereological sums in Lewis's plural quantification—commits us to those entities as part of ontology's subject matter.

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    Key Terms

    David Lewis(the philosopher who created this theory)
    An influential American philosopher (1941-2001) who developed Counterpart Theory as a way to understand how we talk about objects in different possible worlds.
    Derivative entities(as opposed to fundamental or basic entities)
    Things that depend on or are created by other more basic things, rather than existing independently—like how a shadow depends on an object and light.
    Entail(In logical reasoning and argumentation)
    To logically follow or guarantee as a necessary consequence; if something is true, what does it force to also be true?
    Mereological sums(what classes might be according to Lewis's theory)
    Collections of things thought of as wholes made up of parts, where the whole is just the sum of its pieces with nothing extra added.

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    Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
    The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
    Plural quantification(as a logical method for discussing groups)
    A way of talking about multiple things at once as a group (like 'some students' or 'they') rather than only talking about one thing at a time.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedModality & Possibility1 linked

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