An end must be intrinsically and universally motivating; ... — Carmelics

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Supports→The Stoic and Peripatetic view that virtue is the end of life is mistaken.

An end must be intrinsically and universally motivating; virtue fails this criterion since it is pursued only when pleasant consequences are anticipated.

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1.Empirical observation shows people consistently abandon virtuous behavior when consequences become negative, revealing contingent rather than intrinsic motivation.
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2.If virtue were truly intrinsically motivating, cultural variation in moral codes would be inexplicable; universal motivation transcends social conditioning.
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3.Intrinsic ends satisfy desires independent of outcomes; virtue often requires sacrifice, suggesting external incentives (reputation, reward) drive pursuit.
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