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It is not the case that Aristotle's doctrine of function (ergon) holds that an object achieves its fullest being precisely when it excellently fulfills its proper function.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Objects often achieve fulfillment through unintended purposes; a fork makes excellent art despite lacking that in its design function.
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2.
Humans lack a single unambiguous function—we create meaning pluralistically, unlike organs with biologically fixed purposes.
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3.
Deriving 'ought' from 'is' commits the naturalistic fallacy; a thing's function doesn't entail it should pursue that function.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Observable natural entities (eyes, hearts, knives) demonstrably perform specific functions that define their identity and value.
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2.
Excellence in any domain (medicine, athletics, craftsmanship) is universally understood as optimal performance of one's proper role.
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3.
Human flourishing (eudaimonia) requires actualizing our distinctive rational capacities, which presupposes a proper human function.
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