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    Augustine's reading in City of God XIX-XXI established th... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Every reference to the fate of the lost in the New Testament argues irreversible destruction of the wicked

    Augustine's reading in City of God XIX-XXI established that 'destruction' (apoleia) in Koine Greek denotes ruin of function, not cessation of existence, a distinction the argument ignores.

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    Key Terms

    Augustine(as the main subject of the statement)
    An influential early Christian philosopher (354-430 CE) whose writings shaped Western Christianity and philosophy; he argued that God's grace and predestination determine who goes to heaven.
    City of God(Augustine)
    The community consisting of those predestined to salvation; not identical with the visible Church.
    Koine Greek(as the language being analyzed)
    A common form of ancient Greek that was widely spoken and written throughout the Mediterranean world after Alexander the Great's conquests, especially used in early Christian texts.
    XIX-XXI(as a reference notation)
    Roman numerals referring to chapters or sections 19-21; used here to pinpoint exactly where in City of God this argument appears.
    apoleia

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    (as the Greek term being defined)
    A Greek word that Augustine interpreted to mean the ruining or breaking of something's purpose, rather than its complete disappearance.
    cessation of existence(as the alternative meaning being rejected)
    Complete disappearance or ceasing to exist altogether.
    ruin of function(as Augustine's interpretation of apoleia)
    The loss of what something is supposed to do, even if the thing itself still physically exists.

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    Annihilation1 linked
    Every reference to the fate of the lost in the New Testament argues irreversible...

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    Every reference to the fate of the lost in the New Testament argues irreversible...

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