Averroes and later Pomponazzi demonstrated that the intellect's immateriality can be explained through its functional role without positing a numerically separate substantial principle in the individual.

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Averroes(as Al-Ghazali's philosophical opponent): A 12th-century Islamic philosopher (also called Ibn Rushd) who believed Aristotle's logic could be combined with Islamic theology, and who disagreed with Al-Ghazali about how creation works.
Immateriality(as a property attributed to the intellect): The quality of not being made of physical matter or material substance; existing as non-physical.
Numerically separate(as describing whether each individual needs their own non-physical intellect): Distinct and countable as individual things; meaning each person would have their own separate piece rather than sharing one.
Pomponazzi(as a historical figure who developed theories about the intellect): An Italian Renaissance philosopher (1462-1525) who built on earlier thinkers' ideas about whether human intelligence requires a non-material soul.

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