Belief ascriptions in (18) are transparent to the believer's perspective, while knowledge ascriptions in (21) impose an external success condition independent of the believer's epistemic position.
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A normative enterprise that tells us how we ought to reason from evidence and how we ought to justify our beliefs, as distinct from merely describing how we do reason or justify beliefs
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
success condition(as used in logic and argumentation)
The standard or rule that determines whether something has achieved its goal or done what it's supposed to do.