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Inverse View
It is not the case that Chrysippus held that all impressions, including evaluative ones, are passively received from external objects with determinate normative content.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
The same external object produces different evaluative impressions in different people, suggesting minds contribute content, not merely receive it.
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2.
Chrysippus emphasized assent (synkatathesis) as essential to impression-acceptance, implying impressions lack determinate normative force until endorsed.
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3.
Physical objects causally transmit sensory qualities (color, shape) but normative properties seem categorically unlike these, requiring different explanations.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Objects in nature exhibit objective normative properties (e.g., virtue is genuinely present in courageous acts, not merely projected by minds).
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2.
Passive reception of impressions explains moral agreement across cultures better than subjective construction or individual interpretation.
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3.
If evaluative content were mentally constructed, Chrysippus's ethics couldn't ground universal duties or the sage's assent to correct impressions.
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