- Commodification(as used in ethics and social philosophy)
- Treating something that isn't normally bought and sold—like relationships, body parts, or in this case, reproduction—as if it were a product with a price tag.
- Immanuel Kant(as the originator of this concept)
- An 18th-century German philosopher who developed major ideas about ethics, reasoning, and how we understand the world; he's famous for arguing that morality is based on universal rules that apply to everyone equally.
- Kantian analysis(as used in ethics)
- A way of thinking about ethics based on the ideas of philosopher Immanuel Kant, who argued that people should never be treated merely as tools to achieve a goal, but always as beings with their own dignity and worth.
- Procreative inputs(as used in bioethics)
- The biological materials and processes involved in creating a baby, such as eggs, sperm, or the ability to carry a pregnancy.
- Relational frame(as used in philosophy and social analysis)
- The basic way we think about a relationship or interaction—like whether we see someone as a friend to care for or as a customer to evaluate for value.
- reception(as how medieval scholars encountered ancient philosophical works)
- The process of receiving, interpreting, and responding to a text or idea when it becomes available to a community of thinkers.