- Attitude contexts(another type of language that creates problems for simple theories of meaning)
- Sentences expressing beliefs, desires, hopes, or other mental states—for example, 'Sarah believes that water is H2O' involves an attitude.
- Davidson
- # Davidson
Davidson most commonly refers to **Donald Davidson** (1917-2003), an influential American philosopher known for his work on the philosophy of mind and language. He developed important theories about how our thoughts connect to the physical world and how we understand meaning in language and communication. His ideas have shaped modern philosophy by challenging the view that the mind is completely separate from physical reality.
- Extensions(what FO allegedly cannot express according to the claim)
- In logic, the set of all things that a property actually applies to—for example, the extension of 'red things' is everything that is red.
- Modal contexts(as used in logic and metaphysics)
- Situations in sentences where you're talking about possibility, necessity, or what could/must/might happen (as opposed to just stating plain facts).
- Truth-theoretic semantics(Davidson's approach to explaining how language works)
- A theory of meaning that says understanding a word or sentence means knowing what would make it true or false.
- axioms(Stumpf, 1891)
- Propositions that we assume to be true and necessary, originating in the content of judgments.
- intensional(as used in logic and philosophy of language)
- Relating to meaning, context, or how something is described, rather than just what the thing is—for example, 'the morning star' and 'the evening star' refer to the same object (Venus) but intensionally they're different descriptions.