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    Descartes demonstrated that systematic doubt can isolate ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic conclusions

    Descartes demonstrated that systematic doubt can isolate indubitable foundations, showing apodictic certainty is achievable beyond mere self-evident principles.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Cogito ergo sum survives all doubt because doubting itself requires a thinking subject, making it logically indubitable.
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    • 2.Systematic doubt successfully brackets empirical uncertainty, revealing a residual certainty inaccessible to mere introspection.
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    • 3.Apodictic certainty differs from self-evidence by being grounded in logical necessity rather than intuitive obviousness alone.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.The cogito assumes the indubitability of logical laws themselves, which cannot be independently grounded without circular reasoning.
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    • 2.Descartes' certainty about the thinking subject conflates psychological immediacy with genuine metaphysical indubitably.
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    • 3.Systematic doubt cannot escape the problem of the criterion: justifying which doubts to accept requires standards already in question.
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    Related

    Apodictic certainty differs from self-evidence by being grounded in logical nece...Cogito ergo sum survives all doubt because doubting itself requires a thinking s...Descartes' certainty about the thinking subject conflates psychological immediac...Much of what we know yields only plausible (probabilis) rather than apodictic co...
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    Systematic doubt cannot escape the problem of the criterion: justifying which do...Systematic doubt successfully brackets empirical uncertainty, revealing a residu...The cogito assumes the indubitability of logical laws themselves, which cannot b...

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