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    Dignāga's apoha theory shows that perception of 'external... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→External sense objects are real

    Dignāga's apoha theory shows that perception of 'external' objects is always already conceptually constructed through exclusion (anyāpoha), not direct realist contact.

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    1 reason for
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    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
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    • 1.Perceptual content requires differentiation: we identify objects by excluding what they are not, making negation constitutive of perception itself.
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    • 2.Language and conceptual schemes inevitably mediate perception; we cannot access raw sensory data independently of interpretive frameworks.
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    • 3.The apoha mechanism explains how finite minds grasp infinite particulars through general exclusionary concepts rather than direct metaphysical contact.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Exclusion presupposes prior positive content; we must already grasp what something IS to know what it is NOT, undermining apoha's foundational role.
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    • 2.Some perceptual phenomena (pain, color qualia) appear epistemically direct and non-inferential, resisting complete reduction to conceptual construction.
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    • 3.Apoha conflates the metaphysical question of perception's nature with the epistemic question of how concepts function—these require separate answers.
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    Related

    Apoha conflates the metaphysical question of perception's nature with the episte...Exclusion presupposes prior positive content; we must already grasp what somethi...External sense objects are realLanguage and conceptual schemes inevitably mediate perception; we cannot access ...
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    Perceptual content requires differentiation: we identify objects by excluding wh...Some perceptual phenomena (pain, color qualia) appear epistemically direct and n...The apoha mechanism explains how finite minds grasp infinite particulars through...

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