Dispositionalism, as defended by Johnston and Lewis, grounds color properties in counterfactual relations to normal perceivers under standard conditions, preserving objective reference.

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Color properties(what dispositionalism is trying to explain): The characteristics or features that make something have a color—like what it means for something to be red or blue.
Counterfactual relations(how dispositionalism grounds colors): Connections or relationships based on 'what would happen if' scenarios—facts about how something would behave under hypothetical conditions that may not actually occur.
Johnston(the philosopher being referenced): Mark Johnston is a contemporary philosopher who works on perception and philosophy of mind; he's known for responding to criticisms about how we understand what counts as correct or accurate perception.
Lewis(philosopher who created the similarity metric being discussed): David Lewis was a famous American philosopher who developed influential theories about possible worlds—alternative ways reality could have been.

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Objective reference(what the theory preserves—the idea that colors are real, not just in our heads)

The ability to talk about or point to something that exists independently of any person's opinion or feelings about it.

Standard conditions(the normal environment in which we perceive colors)

Normal, typical circumstances like ordinary daylight and regular viewing distances—the everyday situations we use as our baseline.

dispositionalism(Philosophy of color perception)

A theory of color that analyzes the colors of objects in terms of their dispositions to produce visual color experiences in perceivers.

normal perceivers(The concept is contested because normal perceivers themselves disagree about perceived colors)

The class of observers whose color perceptions are taken as the standard for determining an object's real color under Color Primitivism.

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