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    Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann's 'ET-simultaneity' r... — Carmelics
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    Supports→The timelessness solution to the dilemma of foreknowledge and freedom is unsuccessful.

    Eleonore Stump and Norman Kretzmann's 'ET-simultaneity' relation, meant to bridge eternity and time, is not a genuine simultaneity relation and cannot ground the required cognitive contact with free acts.

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    Key Terms

    Cognitive contact(as referring to knowledge of free acts)
    A direct form of awareness or knowledge where a mind can actually know and engage with something—as opposed to knowing about it indirectly.
    ET-simultaneity(as the main concept being evaluated)
    A technical concept (standing for 'eternal-temporal simultaneity') that attempts to explain how God, who exists outside of time, can be simultaneous with events that happen in time.
    Eleonore Stump(as a philosopher developing the ET-simultaneity relation)
    A contemporary American philosopher who specializes in medieval philosophy, logic, and philosophy of religion, and who works on problems about time and God's knowledge.
    Eternity(how God's knowledge encompasses temporal possibilities)
    In this philosophical context, not just endless time, but a state of existing completely outside of time—all moments happening at once from God's perspective.

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    Free acts (free will)(as the subject of God's knowledge)
    Actions that a person chooses freely, without being forced or determined by outside causes—the ability to make genuine choices.
    Norman Kretzmann(as a philosopher referenced for his analysis of divine knowledge)
    A medieval philosophy scholar who wrote extensively about how God's knowledge works, particularly focusing on the puzzle of how an all-knowing God can exist outside of time.
    Simultaneity relation(as a technical philosophical concept)
    A logical relationship that defines when two events or states happen 'at the same time'; philosophers use this to think about whether different things can be simultaneous.
    Time (temporal)(as contrasted with eternity)
    The normal way humans experience existence, where moments pass in sequence from past through present into future; having change and duration.

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    Free Will & Foreknowledge1 linked

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    The timelessness solution to the dilemma of foreknowledge and freedom is unsucce...

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