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    Made withinDC&Austin
    Ethical judgments and contextual values necessarily enter... — Carmelics
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    Home/Bioethics
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    Ethical judgments and contextual values necessarily enter the scientist's core activity of accepting and rejecting hypotheses, refuting the Value-Neutrality Thesis (VNT).

    BioethicsTruth & Knowledge
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    2 reasons for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    2 perspectives
    Reason for 1 of 2
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    • 1.Heather Douglas (2000) demonstrates that values function as 'indirect' reasons in hypothesis acceptance by setting tolerable error thresholds.
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    • 2.The choice of significance threshold (e.g., p<0.05 vs p<0.01) is not determined by data alone but by judgments about which error type causes more harm.
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    • 3.Since significance thresholds are constitutive of hypothesis acceptance, and their selection requires value judgments, values are internal to core scientific inference.
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    Reason for 2 of 2
    ?
    • 1.Rudner (1953) established that the scientist qua scientist makes value judgments because accepting a hypothesis entails deciding its evidence is sufficiently strong.
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    • 2.What counts as 'sufficiently strong' evidence varies with the ethical weight of acting on a false hypothesis, as in drug safety versus particle physics contexts.
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    • 3.Therefore, the standard of proof itself is value-laden, making ethical commitments structurally inseparable from the act of hypothesis acceptance rather than merely peripheral to it.
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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
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    • 1.Accepting or rejecting a hypothesis requires judging which consequences of error are more palatable.
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    • 2.One possible error is that some individuals die from side effects of a drug erroneously judged to be safe.
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    • 3.Another possible error is that individuals die from a condition because they lacked access to a treatment erroneously judged to be unsafe.
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    BioethicsTruth & Knowledge

    Connections

    2 topics

    Consequentialism2 linkedJustice & Punishment1 linked

    Related

    Accepting or rejecting a hypothesis requires judging which consequences of error...Another possible error is that individuals die from a condition because they lac...Choosing between these error types is a value judgment.Heather Douglas (2000) demonstrates that values function as 'indirect' reasons i...
    +6 moreShow less
    One possible error is that some individuals die from side effects of a drug erro...Rudner (1953) established that the scientist qua scientist makes value judgments...Since significance thresholds are constitutive of hypothesis acceptance, and the...

    Similar

    Both cognitive and contextual value judgments guide scientists' choice...85%Accepting or rejecting a hypothesis requires judging which consequence...78%Crescas can accept Abner's critiques of Aristotelian science without a...78%No scientist works exclusively in a value-free zone of assessing and a...77%

    Source

    AI-extracted1/3 agreementValid
    SEP: scientific-objectivity
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    The decision to accept or reject a hypothesis involves a value judgment (at least implicitly) because scientists have to judge which of the consequences of an erroneous decision they deem more palatable: (1) some individuals die of the side effects of a drug erroneously judged to be safe; or (2) other individuals die of a condition because they did not have access to a treatment that was erroneously judged to be unsafe. Hence, ethical judgments and contextual values necessarily enter the scienti
    Extraction notes

    Validity: Extracted via Max plan + API grounding/validity checks

    Details

    The choice of significance threshold (e.g., p<0.05 vs p<0.01) is not determined ...
    Therefore, the standard of proof itself is value-laden, making ethical commitmen...
    What counts as 'sufficiently strong' evidence varies with the ethical weight of ...
    Type
    claim
    Perspectives
    3 (2 for, 1 against)
    Edits
    1 edit