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    Even if 'human nature' is an abstraction, biological fact... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Hurka's canonical account of perfectionism requires that human good consists in developing nature-grounded excellences, a framework Stirner explicitly dismantles by rejecting 'human nature' as an abstraction.

    Even if 'human nature' is an abstraction, biological facts about human capacities and vulnerabilities exist, justifying some nature-grounded excellences independent of Stirner's nominalism.

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    Key Terms

    Capacities(as what the soul possesses)
    Abilities or powers something has—the potential to do something (like how your brain has the capacity for both sensing and thinking).
    Human nature(as used in metaphysics and philosophy of human identity)
    The fundamental characteristics, qualities, or essence that make something human and typically shared by all humans.
    Max Stirner(as used in metaphysics and philosophy of language)
    A 19th-century German philosopher who argued that only individual things are real and that abstract concepts (like 'human nature') are just mental constructs with no real existence.
    Nature-grounded excellences(as the kind of good that Hurka's perfectionism is based on)
    Skills and qualities that are considered excellent because they develop what is natural or inherent to human beings, like reason, creativity, or physical capability.

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    abstraction(Godfrey, Quodlibet V, q. 10)
    The process by which the agent intellect draws out potentially intelligible content from phantasms, making that content available to the possible intellect
    nominalism(Metaphysics; opposed to realism about universals)
    The view that abstract entities such as properties or universals do not exist, and that predicative facts must be explained without appealing to such entities.
    vulnerabilities(as used in philosophy of human nature)
    The ways humans can be harmed or weakened, such as susceptibility to disease, pain, or emotional suffering.

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