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    Frankfurt's hierarchical will theory shows that defective... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The cause of defective characters pursuing worthless ends lies in the training of their passions, not in an impairment of their capacity to reason.

    Frankfurt's hierarchical will theory shows that defective ends can arise from failures in second-order volition, a rational capacity distinct from passion-training.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Second-order volitions (desires about desires) operate via rational reflection, distinct from first-order appetitive impulses shaped by habit.
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    • 2.Addiction cases show agents can recognize defective first-order desires while lacking the rational capacity to endorse them at a higher level.
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    • 3.Freedom requires hierarchical endorsement; mere passion-training leaves first-order desires potentially alien to our rational self.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Second-order volitions may themselves reflect uncritically absorbed social norms rather than constituting a genuinely distinct rational capacity.
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    • 2.The theory struggles to explain why higher-order failures aren't themselves rooted in passion or habituation, threatening infinite regress.
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    • 3.Empirically, well-trained emotional/embodied responses often guide better choices than explicit rational reflection on desires.
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    Virtue Ethics1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

    Related

    Addiction cases show agents can recognize defective first-order desires while la...Empirically, well-trained emotional/embodied responses often guide better choice...Freedom requires hierarchical endorsement; mere passion-training leaves first-or...Second-order volitions (desires about desires) operate via rational reflection, ...
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    Second-order volitions may themselves reflect uncritically absorbed social norms...The cause of defective characters pursuing worthless ends lies in the training o...The theory struggles to explain why higher-order failures aren't themselves root...

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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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