G.E. Moore's open question argument shows that any naturalistic or response-dependent reduction of moral properties leaves a residual normative question, indicating the reduction is incomplete.

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G.E. Moore(as the creator of the Open Question Argument): A highly influential British philosopher (1873-1958) who developed important ideas about how we know things and what words actually mean.
Normative question(as contrasted with genetic questions about causation): A question about what should be true or what counts as right, proper, or justified—as opposed to what actually is the case.
Response-dependent reduction(another type of incomplete explanation Moore's argument targets): An attempt to explain moral properties by connecting them to how humans respond or react—for example, claiming 'good' means 'what most people approve of.'
moral properties(Disputed between non-cognitivists (who deny or remain silent on their existence) and their critics): Properties such as badness, goodness, or evil that events or states of affairs may possess, and in virtue of which those events are bad, good, or evil

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