Hanks's counterfactual response grounds truth-conditions in possible tokens: a proposition is true iff, were someone to token it, that token would be true under the relevant conditions.
A specific instance or example of something—like how one particular copy of a word written on paper is a 'token' of that word.
counterfactual(Modal logic and epistemology)
A conditional statement concerning what would be the case if some antecedent condition were true, evaluated across possible worlds; contraposition does not hold in general for counterfactuals.
iff(in logic and mathematics)
Short for 'if and only if'—it means two things are true or false together; when one happens, the other must also happen, and vice versa.
proposition(Used in the context of a semantic theory sensitive to differences in subject matter.)
The content expressed by a sentence, individuated at least in part by the subject matter of the sentence and the contents of its subsentential expressions.
truth-conditions(Used to characterize views of meaning that the passage argues should be rejected.)
The conditions under which a sentence or statement is true, which truth-conditional theories identify with sentence meaning.
A concern for the type view is whether there will be “missing propositions” — truths or falsehoods which have never been entertained. One drawn to the type view may allow for the existence of uninstantiated types to account for the existence of these propositions. However, given that propositions are claimed to derive their representational features from their tokens, such uninstantiated types would lack representational features, and so lack truth-conditions. Hanks suggests dealing with such