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    Hesperus and Phosphorus are identical despite 'Is Hesperu... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The predicate 'good' does not mean the same as any naturalistic predicate X

    Hesperus and Phosphorus are identical despite 'Is Hesperus Phosphorus?' being genuinely open prior to discovery.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Identity is a metaphysical fact about objects, not determined by our knowledge or conceptual schemes.
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    • 2.Epistemic openness (not knowing if X=Y) is compatible with metaphysical necessity (X is identical to Y).
      ?

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    • 3.Hesperus and Phosphorus refer to the same celestial body via different descriptive modes, making identity correct.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.If identity holds necessarily, the question 'Are they identical?' should be conceptually closed, not genuinely open.
      ?

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    • 2.An 'open question' suggests possibility of difference; calling it 'open' while asserting identity seems incoherent.
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    • 3.Our pre-discovery uncertainty reveals that 'Hesperus' and 'Phosphorus' express genuinely distinct modes of presentation, not mere epistemic gaps.
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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

    Related

    An 'open question' suggests possibility of difference; calling it 'open' while a...Epistemic openness (not knowing if X=Y) is compatible with metaphysical necessit...Hesperus and Phosphorus refer to the same celestial body via different descripti...Identity is a metaphysical fact about objects, not determined by our knowledge o...
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    If identity holds necessarily, the question 'Are they identical?' should be conc...Our pre-discovery uncertainty reveals that 'Hesperus' and 'Phosphorus' express g...The predicate 'good' does not mean the same as any naturalistic predicate X

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    claim
    Perspectives
    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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