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Inverse View
It is not the case that Human beings are naturally endowed with a heart sensitive to the suffering of others, which is the beginning of the virtue of benevolence (ren).
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Xunzi argues that human nature is originally bad (性惡), and benevolent conduct arises only through ritual propriety and deliberate effort, not innate feeling.
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2.
The well-child intuition reveals a momentary affective response, not a stable disposition, and momentary responses do not constitute evidence of natural virtue.
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3.
If benevolence required only cultivation of an innate seed, Mencius could not explain the pervasive moral failure and cruelty observable across human history.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Hume's distinction between natural sympathy and moral virtue shows that compassion is a passion subject to partiality, distance, and habituation, not a reliable foundation for universal benevolence.
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2.
Moral sentimentalism of this kind conflates the genesis of a feeling with its normative authority, committing a genetic fallacy about the source of moral obligation.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
No person is devoid of a heart sensitive to the suffering of others.
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2.
If a man were suddenly to see a young child about to fall into a well, he would certainly be moved to compassion.
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3.
This compassion arises not from self-interest (gaining favor with parents, winning praise, or disliking the child's cry) but from natural feeling.
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