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Inverse View
It is not the case that Humans cannot attain clear knowledge of imperceptible things, but can make reasonable judgments about them from perceptual signs.
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Perceptual signs underdetermine their causes, allowing multiple incompatible explanations of imperceptible things.
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2.
If signs permit contrary reasonable judgments, the epistemic category 'reasonable judgment' collapses into mere conjecture.
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3.
Alcmaeon's own method of inference from signs cannot distinguish itself from sophisticated guesswork without a criterion he has not supplied.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Parmenides argued that reliable knowledge of reality requires rational necessity, not inference from deceptive perceptual appearances.
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2.
If imperceptible things are genuinely beyond perceptual access, then perceptual signs—themselves part of the unreliable phenomenal realm—cannot serve as a stable epistemic bridge to them.
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Reasons Against
1 perspective
Reason against
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1.
Clear knowledge of imperceptible things belongs to the gods alone.
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2.
Humans have direct perceptual access only to what is perceptible.
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3.
Sensation provides signs from which humans can draw inferences (tekmairesthai).
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