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    Hume demonstrated in the Treatise that the causal maxim '... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The causal principles that everything must have a cause and that no effect can have perfections not in its cause are foundational and cannot be denied without rejecting that nothing can come from nothing

    Hume demonstrated in the Treatise that the causal maxim 'everything has a cause' is neither intuitively nor demonstrably certain, since we can conceive of an object beginning to exist without a cause without logical contradiction.

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    Key Terms

    Conceive of(as used in this logical argument)
    To imagine or think of something as a possibility, even if it doesn't actually exist in the real world.
    Demonstrably certain(as a way of knowing something)
    Something that can be proven true through logical reasoning and evidence, step by step, like a math proof.
    Hume(as the main philosopher discussed in this statement)
    David Hume was an 18th-century Scottish philosopher who argued that human knowledge comes from experience and observation rather than pure reasoning alone.
    Intuitively certain(as a way of knowing something)
    Something that seems obviously true without needing proof—you just 'know' it immediately, the way you know that 2+2=4.
    Logical contradiction

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    (as what the stratified framework avoids)
    When two statements cannot both be true at the same time because they directly oppose each other. For example, 'it is raining' and 'it is not raining' are contradictory.
    Treatise
    A treatise is a long, detailed written work that thoroughly explores and explains a single subject or topic. It's typically a formal, serious piece of writing that goes deeper than a simple article or essay, presenting arguments, evidence, and careful analysis to help readers understand the subject completely. Famous examples include philosophical works, scientific explanations, or political essays that scholars and educated people study to learn about important ideas.
    causal maxim(Clarke's cosmological argument)
    The principle that everything must have a cause or ground for its existence, and that no effect can have any perfection not also present in its cause

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    Causation1 linkedNatural Theology1 linked

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    The causal principles that everything must have a cause and that no effect can h...

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