If both theories are empirically equivalent and Einstein's framework rests on a conventional definition of simultaneity, then Lorentz's absolute simultaneity cannot be ruled out on empirical or logical grounds alone.
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Ruled out on empirical grounds(whether a theory can be proven wrong by evidence)
Shown to be false or impossible based on real-world observations and experiments.
Ruled out on logical grounds(whether a theory can be proven wrong by pure reasoning)
Shown to be false or impossible based on pure reasoning and the rules of logic, without needing to observe anything.
conventional definition(Used by Le Roy and Poincaré to argue that certain physical laws cannot be experimentally refuted.)
A statement that is insulated from empirical refutation by being treated as definitional rather than empirical, thereby fixing the meaning of key terms rather than making falsifiable claims.
simultaneity
The property of two events occurring at the same time, which in Einstein's model is relative to reference frames rather than absolute