If certain irreplaceable goods are logically inseparable from evil's existence, then a perfectly good God has sufficient reason to permit evil, dissolving the contradiction in (P4).

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Irreplaceable goods(as used in theology and ethics): Valuable things or experiences that are unique and cannot be substituted or replaced with something else of equal worth.
Logically inseparable(as describing the connection between two aspects of Descartes' thinking): Two ideas are logically inseparable when you cannot have one without the other—they must go together as a package or the reasoning falls apart.
P4(Relational principle linking knowledge to its object.): Knowledge is what it is in relation to what it is knowledge of — the nature of knowledge is constituted by its object.
Perfectly good God(as used in theology and philosophy of religion): In theology, a God with no flaws or moral imperfections who always acts in morally right ways.
problem of evil(Used as a basis for arguing against the existence of the God of traditional theism): The philosophical challenge of vindicating God's moral attributes (particularly omnipotence and perfect goodness) in light of the existence of evil in the world
sufficient reason(Used by Leibniz to distinguish genuine explanatory grounds from mere descriptions.): A reason adequate to determine why a thing is as it is and not otherwise.
theodicy(Central concern of Plutarch's era): The philosophical problem of reconciling the existence of evil and unpunished wrongdoing with the existence and goodness of divine providence.

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